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Nicolas de Fer : ウィキペディア英語版 | Nicolas de Fer
Nicolas de Fer (1646–25 October 1720) was a French cartographer and geographer. He also was an engraver and publisher. His works focused more on quantity than quality, there were often geographical errors,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.geographicus.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=CAD&Product_Code=defer )〕 and they were more artistic than accurate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mapcarte.com/cartographers.html#defer )〕 ==Early life== De Fer was the youngest of three sons of Antoine de Fer, who was also a cartographer. When he was 12, he became the apprentice of Parisian engraver Louis Spirinx, and made his first map, of the Canal du Midi, at the age of 23. After the death of his father in June 1673, his mother Geneviève initially took over the map making company, which had begun to decline. She passed it and the atelier, called Quai de L'Horloge, on to Nicolas in 1687 because of her old age.〔
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